第 8 章 More Examples

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-0.2.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-0.2
 $ sudo cp scripts/hello /bin/hello
 ...

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-0.2.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-0.2.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-0.2
│   ├── LICENSE
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── man
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── scripts
│       └── hello
└── debhello-0.2.tar.gz

4 directories, 6 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:17+0000

 $ cat debhello-0.2/scripts/hello
#!/bin/sh -e
echo "Hello from the shell!"
echo ""
echo -n "Type Enter to exit this program: "
read X

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:17+0000

Here, the hello.desktop supports Desktop Entry Specification.

hello.desktop (v=0.2). 

 $ cat debhello-0.2/data/hello.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Hello
Name[fr]=Bonjour
Comment=Greetings
Comment[fr]=Salutations
Type=Application
Keywords=hello
Exec=hello
Terminal=true
Icon=hello.png
Categories=Utility;

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:17+0000

Here, the hello.png is the icon graphics file.

Let’s package this with the debmake command. Here, the -b':sh' option is used to specify the generated binary package is a shell script.

 $ cd debhello-0.2
 $ debmake -b':sh'
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="0.2", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-0.2". ***
I: provide debhello_0.2.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-0.2.tar.gz debhello_0.2.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-0.2"
I: parse binary package settings: :sh
I: binary package=debhello Type=script / Arch=all M-A=foreign
...

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

The source tree after the basic debmake execution. (v=0.2). 

 $ cd ..
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-0.2
│   ├── LICENSE
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── debian
│   │   ├── README.Debian
│   │   ├── changelog
│   │   ├── compat
│   │   ├── control
│   │   ├── copyright
│   │   ├── patches
│   │   │   └── series
│   │   ├── rules
│   │   ├── source
│   │   │   ├── format
│   │   │   └── local-options
│   │   └── watch
│   ├── man
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── scripts
│       └── hello
├── debhello-0.2.tar.gz
└── debhello_0.2.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.2.tar.gz

7 directories, 17 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:18+0000

debian/rules (template file, v=0.2): 

 $ cat debhello-0.2/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1

%:
        dh $@

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:18+0000

This is essentially the standard debian/rules file with the dh command. Since this is the script package, this template debian/rules file has no build flag related contents.

debian/control (template file, v=0.2): 

 $ cat debhello-0.2/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: unknown
Priority: extra
Maintainer: "Firstname Lastname" <email.address@example.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>=9)
Standards-Version: 3.9.8
Homepage: <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>

Package: debhello
Architecture: all
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}
Description: auto-generated package by debmake
 This Debian binary package was auto-generated by the
 debmake(1) command provided by the debmake package.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:18+0000

Since this is the shell script package, the debmake command sets “Architecture: all” and “Multi-Arch: foreign”. Also, it sets required substvar parameters as “Depends: ${misc:Depends}”. These are explained in 第 5 章 基本内容.

Since this upstream source lacks the upstream Makefile, that functionality needs to be provided by the maintainer. This upstream contains only a script file and data files and no C source files, the build process can be skipped but the install process needs to be implemented. For this case, this is achieved cleanly by adding the debian/install and debian/manpages files without complicating the debian/rules file.

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=0.2): 

 $ vim debhello-0.2/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-0.2/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1

%:
        dh $@

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:18+0000

debian/control (maintainer version, v=0.2): 

 $ vim debhello-0.2/debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-0.2/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: extra
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>=9)
Standards-Version: 3.9.6
Homepage: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/debmake-doc.git/

Package: debhello
Architecture: all
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}
Description: example package in the debmake-doc package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:18+0000

	警告
	如果你对 debian/control 模板文件中的“Section: unknown”部分不做修改的话，后续的 lintian 错误可能导致构建失败。

debian/install (maintainer version, v=0.2): 

 $ vim debhello-0.2/debian/install
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-0.2/debian/install
data/hello.desktop usr/share/applications
data/hello.png usr/share/pixmaps
scripts/hello usr/bin

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:18+0000

debian/manpages (maintainer version, v=0.2): 

 $ vim debhello-0.2/debian/manpages
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-0.2/debian/manpages
man/hello.1

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:18+0000

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

Template files under debian/. (v=0.2): 

 $ tree debhello-0.2/debian
debhello-0.2/debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── compat
├── control
├── copyright
├── install
├── manpages
├── patches
│   └── series
├── rules
├── source
│   ├── format
│   └── local-options
└── watch

2 directories, 12 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:18+0000

You can create a non-native Debian package using the debuild command (or its equivalents) in this source tree. The command output is very verbose and explains what it does as follows.

 $ cd debhello-0.2
 $ debuild
 dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -us -uc -ui -i
 ...
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh clean
 ...
 debian/rules build
dh build
   dh_update_autotools_config
   dh_auto_configure
   dh_auto_build
   dh_auto_test
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
dh binary
   dh_testroot
   dh_prep
        rm -f -- debian/debhello.substvars
 ...
 fakeroot debian/rules binary
dh binary
 ...
Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:24+0000

现在我们来看看成果如何。

The generated files of debhello version 0.2 by the debuild command: 

 $ cd ..
 $ tree -FL 1
.
├── debhello-0.2/
├── debhello-0.2.tar.gz
├── debhello_0.2-1.debian.tar.xz
├── debhello_0.2-1.dsc
├── debhello_0.2-1_all.deb
├── debhello_0.2-1_amd64.build
├── debhello_0.2-1_amd64.buildinfo
├── debhello_0.2-1_amd64.changes
└── debhello_0.2.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.2.tar.gz

1 directory, 8 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:24+0000

你可以看见生成的全部文件。

The debhello_0.2-1.debian.tar.xz contains the Debian changes to the upstream source as follows.

The compressed archive contents of debhello_0.2-1.debian.tar.xz: 

 $ tar -tzf debhello-0.2.tar.gz
debhello-0.2/
debhello-0.2/LICENSE
debhello-0.2/scripts/
debhello-0.2/scripts/hello
debhello-0.2/man/
debhello-0.2/man/hello.1
debhello-0.2/data/
debhello-0.2/data/hello.desktop
debhello-0.2/data/hello.png
 $ tar --xz -tf debhello_0.2-1.debian.tar.xz
debian/
debian/README.Debian
debian/changelog
debian/compat
debian/control
debian/copyright
debian/install
debian/manpages
debian/patches/
debian/patches/series
debian/rules
debian/source/
debian/source/format
debian/watch

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:24+0000

The debhello_0.2-1_amd64.deb contains the files to be installed as follows.

The binary package contents of debhello_0.2-1_amd64.deb: 

 $ dpkg -c debhello_0.2-1_all.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/bin/hello
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/applications/
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/applications/hello.desktop
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/README.Debian
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/doc/debhello/copyright
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/man/
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/man/man1/
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/man/man1/hello.1.gz
drwxr-xr-x root/root ...  ./usr/share/pixmaps/
-rw-r--r-- root/root ...  ./usr/share/pixmaps/hello.png

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:24+0000

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.0.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-1.0
 $ make install

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-1.0.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.0.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-1.0
│   ├── LICENSE
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── man
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── scripts
│       └── hello
└── debhello-1.0.tar.gz

4 directories, 7 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:32+0000

Here, the Makefile uses $(DESTDIR) and $(prefix) properly. All other files are the same as 第 8.2 节 “No Makefile (shell, CLI)” and most of the packaging activities are the same.

Makefile (v=1.0). 

 $ cat debhello-1.0/Makefile
prefix = /usr/local

all:
        : # do nothing

install:
        install -D scripts/hello \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello
        install -m 644 -D data/hello.desktop \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/applications/hello.desktop
        install -m 644 -D data/hello.png \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/pixmaps/hello.png
        install -m 644 -D man/hello.1 \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/man/man1/hello.1

clean:
        : # do nothing

distclean: clean

uninstall:
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/applications/hello.desktop
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/pixmaps/hello.png
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/man/man1/hello.1

.PHONY: all install clean distclean uninstall

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:32+0000

Let’s package this with the debmake command. Here, the -b':sh' option is used to specify the generated binary package is a shell script.

 $ cd debhello-1.0
 $ debmake -b':sh'
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="1.0", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-1.0". ***
I: provide debhello_1.0.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-1.0.tar.gz debhello_1.0.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-1.0"
I: parse binary package settings: :sh
I: binary package=debhello Type=script / Arch=all M-A=foreign
...

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

debian/rules (template file, v=1.0): 

 $ cat debhello-1.0/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1

%:
        dh $@

#override_dh_auto_install:
#       dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr

#override_dh_install:
#       dh_install --list-missing -X.pyc -X.pyo

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:33+0000

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=1.0): 

 $ vim debhello-1.0/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.0/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1

%:
        dh $@

override_dh_auto_install:
        dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:33+0000

Since this upstream source has the proper upstream Makefile, there are no needs to create debian/install and debian/manpages files.

The debian/control file is exactly the same as the one in 第 8.2 节 “No Makefile (shell, CLI)”.

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

Template files under debian/. (v=1.0): 

 $ tree debhello-1.0/debian
debhello-1.0/debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── compat
├── control
├── copyright
├── patches
│   └── series
├── rules
├── source
│   ├── format
│   └── local-options
└── watch

2 directories, 10 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:34+0000

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 8.2 节 “No Makefile (shell, CLI)”.

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.1.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-1.1
 $ python3 setup.py install

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-1.1.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.1.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-1.1
│   ├── LICENSE
│   ├── MANIFEST.in
│   ├── PKG-INFO
│   ├── hello_py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── scripts
│   │   └── hello
│   └── setup.py
└── debhello-1.1.tar.gz

3 directories, 7 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:39+0000

 $ cat debhello-1.1/scripts/hello
#!/usr/bin/python3
import hello_py

if __name__ == '__main__':
    hello_py.main()


Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:39+0000

 $ cat debhello-1.1/hello_py/__init__.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
def main():
    print('Hello Python3!')
    input("Press Enter to continue...")
    return

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:39+0000

These are packaged using the Python distutils with the setup.py and MANIFEST.in files.

setup.py (v=1.1). 

 $ cat debhello-1.1/setup.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
# vi:se ts=4 sts=4 et ai:
from distutils.core import setup

setup(name='debhello',
    version='4.0',
    description='Hello Python',
    long_description='Hello Python program.',
    author='Osamu Aoki',
    author_email='osamu@debian.org',
    url='http://people.debian.org/~osamu/',
    packages=['hello_py'],
    package_dir={'hello_py': 'hello_py'},
    scripts=['scripts/hello'],
    classifiers = ['Development Status :: 3 - Alpha',
        'Environment :: Console',
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
        'Natural Language :: English',
        'Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
        'Topic :: Utilities',
    ],
    platforms   = 'POSIX',
    license     = 'MIT License'
)



Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:39+0000

MANIFEST.in (v=1.1). 

 $ cat debhello-1.1/MANIFEST.in
include MANIFEST.in
include LICENSE

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:39+0000

	提示
	Many modern Python packages are distributed using setuptools. Since setuptools is an enhanced alternative to distutils, this example is useful for them.

Let’s package this with the debmake command. Here, the -b':py3' option is used to specify the generated binary package contain Python3 script and module files.

 $ cd debhello-1.1
 $ debmake -b':py3'
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="1.1", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-1.1". ***
I: provide debhello_1.1.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-1.1.tar.gz debhello_1.1.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-1.1"
I: parse binary package settings: :py3
I: binary package=debhello Type=python3 / Arch=all M-A=foreign
...

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

debian/rules (template file, v=1.1): 

 $ cat debhello-1.1/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1

%:
        dh $@ --with python3 --buildsystem=pybuild

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:40+0000

This is essentially the standard debian/rules file with the dh command.

The use of “--with python3” option invokes dh_python3 to calculate Python dependencies, adds maintainer scripts to byte compile files, etc. See dh_python3(1).

The use of “--buildsystem=pybuild” option invokes various build systems for requested Python versions in order to build modules and extensions. See pybuild(1).

debian/control (template file, v=1.1): 

 $ cat debhello-1.1/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: unknown
Priority: extra
Maintainer: "Firstname Lastname" <email.address@example.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>=9), dh-python, python3-all
Standards-Version: 3.9.8
Homepage: <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>
X-Python3-Version: >= 3.2

Package: debhello
Architecture: all
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${python3:Depends}
Description: auto-generated package by debmake
 This Debian binary package was auto-generated by the
 debmake(1) command provided by the debmake package.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:40+0000

Since this is the Python3 package, the debmake command sets “Architecture: all” and “Multi-Arch: foreign”. Also, it sets required substvar parameters as “Depends: ${python3:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}”. These are explained in 第 5 章 基本内容.

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=1.1): 

 $ vim debhello-1.1/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.1/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1

%:
        dh $@ --with python3 --buildsystem=pybuild

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:40+0000

debian/control (maintainer version, v=1.1): 

 $ vim debhello-1.1/debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.1/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: extra
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>=9), dh-python, python3-all
Standards-Version: 3.9.6
Homepage: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/debmake-doc.git/
X-Python3-Version: >= 3.2

Package: debhello
Architecture: all
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${python3:Depends}
Description: example package in the debmake-doc package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:40+0000

The hello command does not come with the upstream provided manpage, let’s add it as the maintainer.

debian/manpages etc. (maintainer version, v=1.1): 

 $ vim debhello-1.1/debian/hello.1
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ vim debhello-1.1/debian/manpages
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.1/debian/manpages
debian/hello.1

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:41+0000

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 8.3 节 “Makefile (shell, CLI)”.

Template files under debian/. (v=1.1): 

 $ tree debhello-1.1/debian
debhello-1.1/debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── compat
├── control
├── copyright
├── hello.1
├── manpages
├── patches
│   └── series
├── rules
├── source
│   ├── format
│   └── local-options
└── watch

2 directories, 12 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:41+0000

Here is the generated dependency list of binary packages.

The generated dependency list of binary packages (v=1.1): 

 $ dpkg -f debhello_1.1-1_all.deb pre-depends depends recommends conflicts br...
Depends: python3:any (>= 3.3.2-2~)

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:49+0000

This upstream is based in 第 8.3 节 “Makefile (shell, CLI)” with enhanced GUI support.

Let’s assume its upstream tarball to be debhello-1.2.tar.gz.

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-1.2.tar.gz. 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-1.2.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.2.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-1.2
│   ├── LICENSE
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── man
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── scripts
│       └── hello
└── debhello-1.2.tar.gz

4 directories, 7 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:50+0000

Here, the hello has been re-written to use the zenity command to make this a GTK+ GUI program.

hello (v=1.2). 

 $ cat debhello-1.2/scripts/hello
#!/bin/sh -e
zenity --info --title "hello" --text "Hello from the shell!"

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:50+0000

Here, the desktop file is updated to be Terminal=false as a GUI program.

hello.desktop (v=1.2). 

 $ cat debhello-1.2/data/hello.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Hello
Name[fr]=Bonjour
Comment=Greetings
Comment[fr]=Salutations
Type=Application
Keywords=hello
Exec=hello
Terminal=false
Icon=hello.png
Categories=Utility;

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:50+0000

All other files are the same as 第 8.3 节 “Makefile (shell, CLI)”.

Let’s package this with the debmake command. Here, the -b':sh' option is used to specify the generated binary package is a shell script.

 $ cd debhello-1.2
 $ debmake -b':sh'
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="1.2", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-1.2". ***
I: provide debhello_1.2.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-1.2.tar.gz debhello_1.2.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-1.2"
I: parse binary package settings: :sh
I: binary package=debhello Type=script / Arch=all M-A=foreign
...

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

debian/control (template file, v=1.2): 

 $ cat debhello-1.2/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: unknown
Priority: extra
Maintainer: "Firstname Lastname" <email.address@example.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>=9)
Standards-Version: 3.9.8
Homepage: <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>

Package: debhello
Architecture: all
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}
Description: auto-generated package by debmake
 This Debian binary package was auto-generated by the
 debmake(1) command provided by the debmake package.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:51+0000

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/control (maintainer version, v=1.2): 

 $ vim debhello-1.2/debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.2/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: extra
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>=9)
Standards-Version: 3.9.6
Homepage: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/debmake-doc.git/

Package: debhello
Architecture: all
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: zenity, ${misc:Depends}
Description: example package in the debmake-doc package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:51+0000

Please note manually added zenity.

The debian/rules file is exactly the same as the one in 第 8.3 节 “Makefile (shell, CLI)”.

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

Template files under debian/. (v=1.2): 

 $ tree debhello-1.2/debian
debhello-1.2/debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── compat
├── control
├── copyright
├── patches
│   └── series
├── rules
├── source
│   ├── format
│   └── local-options
└── watch

2 directories, 10 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:51+0000

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 8.3 节 “Makefile (shell, CLI)”.

Here is the generated dependency list of binary packages.

The generated dependency list of binary packages (v=1.2): 

 $ dpkg -f debhello_1.2-1_all.deb pre-depends depends recommends conflicts br...
Depends: zenity

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:58+0000

This upstream is based in 第 8.4 节 “setup.py (Python3, CLI)” with enhanced GUI, desktop icon, and manpage supports.

Let’s assume this upstream tarball to be debhello-1.3.tar.gz.

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-1.3.tar.gz. 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-1.3.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.3.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-1.3
│   ├── LICENSE
│   ├── MANIFEST.in
│   ├── PKG-INFO
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── hello_py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── man
│   │   └── hello.1
│   ├── scripts
│   │   └── hello
│   └── setup.py
└── debhello-1.3.tar.gz

5 directories, 10 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:58+0000

Here are the upstream sources.

hello (v=1.3). 

 $ cat debhello-1.3/scripts/hello
#!/usr/bin/python3
import hello_py

if __name__ == '__main__':
    hello_py.main()


Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:58+0000

hello_py/__init__.py (v=1.3). 

 $ cat debhello-1.3/hello_py/__init__.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from gi.repository import Gtk

class TopWindow(Gtk.Window):

    def __init__(self):
        Gtk.Window.__init__(self)
        self.title = "Hello World!"
        self.counter = 0
        self.border_width = 10
        self.set_default_size(400, 100)
        self.set_position(Gtk.WindowPosition.CENTER)
        self.button = Gtk.Button(label="Click me!")
        self.button.connect("clicked", self.on_button_clicked)
        self.add(self.button)
        self.connect("delete-event", self.on_window_destroy)

    def on_window_destroy(self, *args):
        Gtk.main_quit(*args)

    def on_button_clicked(self, widget):
        self.counter += 1
        widget.set_label("Hello, World!\nClick count = %i" % self.counter)

def main():
    window = TopWindow()
    window.show_all()
    Gtk.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:58+0000

setup.py (v=1.3). 

 $ cat debhello-1.3/setup.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
# vi:se ts=4 sts=4 et ai:
from distutils.core import setup

setup(name='debhello',
    version='4.1',
    description='Hello Python',
    long_description='Hello Python program.',
    author='Osamu Aoki',
    author_email='osamu@debian.org',
    url='http://people.debian.org/~osamu/',
    packages=['hello_py'],
    package_dir={'hello_py': 'hello_py'},
    scripts=['scripts/hello'],
    data_files=[
        ('share/applications', ['data/hello.desktop']),
        ('share/pixmaps', ['data/hello.png']),
        ('share/man/man1', ['man/hello.1']),
    ],
    classifiers = ['Development Status :: 3 - Alpha',
        'Environment :: Console',
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
        'Natural Language :: English',
        'Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
        'Topic :: Utilities',
    ],
    platforms   = 'POSIX',
    license     = 'MIT License'
)



Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:58+0000

MANIFEST.in (v=1.3). 

 $ cat debhello-1.3/MANIFEST.in
include MANIFEST.in
include LICENSE
include data/hello.deskto
include data/hello.png
include man/hello.1

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:58+0000

Let’s package this with the debmake command. Here, the -b':py3' option is used to specify the generated binary package contain Python3 script and module files.

 $ cd debhello-1.3
 $ debmake -b':py3'
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="1.3", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-1.3". ***
I: provide debhello_1.3.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-1.3.tar.gz debhello_1.3.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-1.3"
I: parse binary package settings: :py3
I: binary package=debhello Type=python3 / Arch=all M-A=foreign
...

The result is practically the same as 第 8.4 节 “setup.py (Python3, CLI)”.

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=1.3): 

 $ vim debhello-1.3/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.3/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1

%:
        dh $@ --with python3 --buildsystem=pybuild

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:59+0000

debian/control (maintainer version, v=1.3): 

 $ vim debhello-1.3/debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.3/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: extra
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>=9), dh-python, python3-all
Standards-Version: 3.9.6
Homepage: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/debmake-doc.git/
X-Python3-Version: >= 3.2

Package: debhello
Architecture: all
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: gir1.2-gtk-3.0, python3-gi, ${misc:Depends}, ${python3:Depends}
Description: example package in the debmake-doc package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:13:59+0000

Please note manually added python3-gi and gir1.2-gtk-3.0.

Since this upstream source has manpage and other files with matching entries in the setup.py file, there are no needs to create them and add debian/install and debian/manpages files which was required in 第 8.4 节 “setup.py (Python3, CLI)”.

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 8.4 节 “setup.py (Python3, CLI)”.

Here is the generated dependency list of binary packages.

The generated dependency list of binary packages (v=1.3): 

 $ dpkg -f debhello_1.3-1_all.deb pre-depends depends recommends conflicts br...
Depends: gir1.2-gtk-3.0, python3-gi, python3:any (>= 3.3.2-2~)

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:09+0000

This is an enhanced upstream source example for 第 4 章 简单例子. This comes with the manpage, the desktop file, and the desktop icon. This also links to an external library libm to be a more practical example.

Let’s assume this upstream tarball to be debhello-1.4.tar.gz.

这一类源代码设计可以用这样的方式安装成为非系统文件：

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.4.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-1.4
 $ make
 $ make install

Debian 的打包需要对“make install”流程进行改变，从而将文件安装至系统镜像所在位置，而非通常使用的 /usr/local 下的位置。

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-1.4.tar.gz. 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-1.4.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.4.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-1.4
│   ├── LICENSE
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── man
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── src
│       ├── config.h
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-1.4.tar.gz

4 directories, 8 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:09+0000

Here, the contents of this source are as follows.

src/hello.c (v=1.4): 

 $ cat debhello-1.4/src/hello.c
#include "config.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int
main()
{
        printf("Hello, I am " PACKAGE_AUTHOR "!\n");
        printf("4.0 * atan(1.0) = %10f8\n", 4.0*atan(1.0));
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:09+0000

src/config.h (v=1.4): 

 $ cat debhello-1.4/src/config.h
#define PACKAGE_AUTHOR "Osamu Aoki"

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:09+0000

Makefile (v=1.4): 

 $ cat debhello-1.4/Makefile
prefix = /usr/local

all: src/hello

src/hello: src/hello.c
        $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ -lm

install: src/hello
        install -D src/hello \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello
        install -m 644 -D data/hello.desktop \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/applications/hello.desktop
        install -m 644 -D data/hello.png \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/pixmaps/hello.png
        install -m 644 -D man/hello.1 \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/man/man1/hello.1

clean:
        -rm -f src/hello

distclean: clean

uninstall:
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/applications/hello.desktop
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/pixmaps/hello.png
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/man/man1/hello.1

.PHONY: all install clean distclean uninstall

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:09+0000

Please note that this Makefile has the proper install target for the manpage, the desktop file, and the desktop icon.

Let’s package this with the debmake command.

 $ cd debhello-1.4
 $ debmake
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="1.4", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-1.4". ***
I: provide debhello_1.4.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-1.4.tar.gz debhello_1.4.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-1.4"
I: parse binary package settings:
I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign
...

The result is practically the same as 第 4.5 节 “第二步：使用 debmake 产生模板文件”.

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer which is practically the same as 第 4.6 节 “第三步：编辑模板文件”.

If the DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS is not exported in the debian/rules, the lintian warns "W: debhello: hardening-no-relro usr/bin/hello" for the linking of the libm.

The debian/control file making it exactly the same as one in 第 4.6 节 “第三步：编辑模板文件”, since the libm library is always available as a part of the libc6 (Priority: required).

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

Template files under debian/. (v=1.4): 

 $ tree debhello-1.4/debian
debhello-1.4/debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── compat
├── control
├── copyright
├── patches
│   └── series
├── rules
├── source
│   ├── format
│   └── local-options
└── watch

2 directories, 10 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:10+0000

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 4.7 节 “第四步：使用 debuild 构建软件包”.

Here is the generated dependency list of binary packages.

The generated dependency list of binary packages (v=1.4): 

 $ dpkg -f debhello_1.4-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends conflicts ...
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.3.4)

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:17+0000

This is an enhanced upstream source example for 第 8.7 节 “Makefile (single-binary)”. This also links to an external library libm and this source is configurable using arguments to the configure script which generates the Makefile and src/config.h files.

Let’s assume this upstream tarball to be debhello-1.5.tar.gz.

This type of source is meant to be installed as a non-system file, for example, as:

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.5.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-1.5
 $ ./configure --with-math
 $ make
 $ make install

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-1.5.tar.gz. 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-1.5.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.5.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-1.5
│   ├── LICENSE
│   ├── Makefile.in
│   ├── configure
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── man
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── src
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-1.5.tar.gz

4 directories, 8 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:17+0000

Here, the contents of this source are as follows.

src/hello.c (v=1.5): 

 $ cat debhello-1.5/src/hello.c
#include "config.h"
#ifdef WITH_MATH
#  include <math.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
int
main()
{
        printf("Hello, I am " PACKAGE_AUTHOR "!\n");
#ifdef WITH_MATH
        printf("4.0 * atan(1.0) = %10f8\n", 4.0*atan(1.0));
#else
        printf("I can't do MATH!\n");
#endif
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:17+0000

Makefile.in (v=1.5): 

 $ cat debhello-1.5/Makefile.in
prefix = @prefix@

all: src/hello

src/hello: src/hello.c
        $(CC) @VERBOSE@ \
                $(CPPFLAGS) \
                $(CFLAGS) \
                $(LDFLAGS) \
                -o $@ $^ \
                @LINKLIB@

install: src/hello
        install -D src/hello \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello
        install -m 644 -D data/hello.desktop \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/applications/hello.desktop
        install -m 644 -D data/hello.png \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/pixmaps/hello.png
        install -m 644 -D man/hello.1 \
                $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/man/man1/hello.1

clean:
        -rm -f src/hello

distclean: clean

uninstall:
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/applications/hello.desktop
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/pixmaps/hello.png
        -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/share/man/man1/hello.1

.PHONY: all install clean distclean uninstall

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:17+0000

configure (v=1.5): 

 $ cat debhello-1.5/configure
#!/bin/sh -e
# default values
PREFIX="/usr/local"
VERBOSE=""
WITH_MATH="0"
LINKLIB=""
PACKAGE_AUTHOR="John Doe"

# parse arguments
while [ "${1}" != "" ]; do
  VAR="${1%=*}" # Drop suffix =*
  VAL="${1#*=}" # Drop prefix *=
  case "${VAR}" in
  --prefix)
    PREFIX="${VAL}"
    ;;
  --verbose|-v)
    VERBOSE="-v"
    ;;
  --with-math)
    WITH_MATH="1"
    LINKLIB="-lm"
    ;;
  --author)
    PACKAGE_AUTHOR="${VAL}"
    ;;
  *)
    echo "W: Unknown argument: ${1}"
  esac
  shift
done

# setup configured Makefile and src/config.h
sed -e "s,@prefix@,${PREFIX}," \
    -e "s,@VERBOSE@,${VERBOSE}," \
    -e "s,@LINKLIB@,${LINKLIB}," \
    <Makefile.in >Makefile
if [ "${WITH_MATH}" = 1 ]; then
echo "#define WITH_MATH" >src/config.h
else
echo "/* not defined: WITH_MATH */" >src/config.h
fi
echo "#define PACKAGE_AUTHOR \"${PACKAGE_AUTHOR}\"" >>src/config.h


Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:17+0000

Please note that the configure command replaces strings with @…@ in the Makefile.in to produce Makefile and creates src/config.h.

Let’s package this with the debmake command.

 $ cd debhello-1.5
 $ debmake
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="1.5", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-1.5". ***
I: provide debhello_1.5.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-1.5.tar.gz debhello_1.5.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-1.5"
I: parse binary package settings:
I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign
...

The result is similar to 第 4.5 节 “第二步：使用 debmake 产生模板文件” but not exactly the same.

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

debian/rules (template file, v=1.5): 

 $ cat debhello-1.5/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1
#export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
#export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
#export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:18+0000

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=1.5): 

 $ vim debhello-1.5/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.5/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

override_dh_auto_configure:
        dh_auto_configure -- \
                --with-math \
                --author="Osamu Aoki"

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:18+0000

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 4.7 节 “第四步：使用 debuild 构建软件包”.

Here is an example of creating a simple Debian package from a simple C source using the Autotools = Autoconf and Automake (Makefile.am and configure.ac) as its build system. See 第 5.16.1 节 “Autotools”.

This source usually comes with the upstream auto-generated Makefile.in and configure files, too. This source can be packaged using these files as 第 8.8 节 “Makefile.in + configure (single-binary)” with the help of the autotools-dev package.

The better alternative is to regenerate these files using the latest Autoconf and Automake packages if the upstream provided Makefile.am and configure.ac are compatible with the latest version. This is advantageous for the porting to the new CPU architectures etc. This can be automated by using the “--with autoreconf” option for the dh command.

Let’s assume this upstream tarball to be debhello-1.6.tar.gz.

This type of source is meant to be installed as a non-system file, for example, as:

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.6.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-1.6
 $ autoreconf -ivf # optional
 $ ./configure --with-math
 $ make
 $ make install

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-1.6.tar.gz. 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-1.6.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.6.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-1.6
│   ├── Makefile.am
│   ├── configure.ac
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── man
│   │   ├── Makefile.am
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── src
│       ├── Makefile.am
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-1.6.tar.gz

4 directories, 9 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:26+0000

Here, the contents of this source are as follows.

src/hello.c (v=1.6): 

 $ cat debhello-1.6/src/hello.c
#include "config.h"
#ifdef WITH_MATH
#  include <math.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
int
main()
{
        printf("Hello, I am " PACKAGE_AUTHOR "!\n");
#ifdef WITH_MATH
        printf("4.0 * atan(1.0) = %10f8\n", 4.0*atan(1.0));
#else
        printf("I can't do MATH!\n");
#endif
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:26+0000

Makefile.am (v=1.6): 

 $ cat debhello-1.6/Makefile.am
SUBDIRS = src man
 $ cat debhello-1.6/man/Makefile.am
dist_man_MANS = hello.1
 $ cat debhello-1.6/src/Makefile.am
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = hello.c

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:26+0000

configure.ac (v=1.6): 

 $ cat debhello-1.6/configure.ac
#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_PREREQ([2.69])
AC_INIT([debhello],[2.1],[foo@example.org])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/hello.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
echo "Standard customization chores"
AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign])
# Add #define PACKAGE_AUTHOR ... in config.h with a comment
AC_DEFINE(PACKAGE_AUTHOR, ["Osamu Aoki"], [Define PACKAGE_AUTHOR])
echo "Add --with-math option functionality to ./configure"
AC_ARG_WITH([math],
  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-math],
    [compile with math library  @<:@default=yes@:>@])],
  [],
  [with_math="yes"]
  )
echo "==== withval   := \"$withval\""
echo "==== with_math := \"$with_math\""
# m4sh if-else construct
AS_IF([test "x$with_math" != "xno"],[
  echo "==== Check include: math.h"
  AC_CHECK_HEADER(math.h,[],[
    AC_MSG_ERROR([Couldn't find math.h.] )
  ])
  echo "==== Check library: libm"
  AC_SEARCH_LIBS(atan, [m])
  #AC_CHECK_LIB(m, atan)
  echo "==== Build with LIBS := \"$LIBS\""
  AC_DEFINE(WITH_MATH, [1], [Build with the math library])
],[
  echo "==== Skip building with math.h."
  AH_TEMPLATE(WITH_MATH, [Build without the math library])
])
# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
                 man/Makefile
                 src/Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:26+0000

Let’s package this with the debmake command.

 $ cd debhello-1.6
 $ debmake
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="1.6", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-1.6". ***
I: provide debhello_1.6.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-1.6.tar.gz debhello_1.6.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-1.6"
I: parse binary package settings:
I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign
...

The result is similar to 第 8.8 节 “Makefile.in + configure (single-binary)” but not exactly the same.

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

debian/rules (template file, v=1.6): 

 $ cat debhello-1.6/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1
#export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
#export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
#export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@ --with autoreconf

#override_dh_install:
#       dh_install --list-missing -X.la -X.pyc -X.pyo

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:27+0000

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=1.6): 

 $ vim debhello-1.6/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.6/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@ --with autoreconf

override_dh_auto_configure:
        dh_auto_configure -- \
                --with-math

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:27+0000

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 4.7 节 “第四步：使用 debuild 构建软件包”.

Here is an example of creating a simple Debian package from a simple C source using the CMake (CMakeLists.txt and some files such as config.h.in) as its build system. See 第 5.16.2 节 “CMake”.

The cmake command generates the Makefile file based on the CMakeLists.txt file and its -D option. It also configure the file as specified in its configure_file(…) by replacing strings with @…@ and changing #cmakedefine … line.

Let’s assume this upstream tarball to be debhello-1.7.tar.gz.

This type of source is meant to be installed as a non-system file, for example, as:

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.7.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-1.7
 $ mkdir obj-x86_64-linux-gnu # for out-of-tree build
 $ cd obj-x86_64-linux-gnu
 $ cmake ..
 $ make
 $ make install

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-1.7.tar.gz. 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-1.7.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-1.7.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-1.7
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── man
│   │   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── src
│       ├── CMakeLists.txt
│       ├── config.h.in
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-1.7.tar.gz

4 directories, 9 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:39+0000

Here, the contents of this source are as follows.

src/hello.c (v=1.7): 

 $ cat debhello-1.7/src/hello.c
#include "config.h"
#ifdef WITH_MATH
#  include <math.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
int
main()
{
        printf("Hello, I am " PACKAGE_AUTHOR "!\n");
#ifdef WITH_MATH
        printf("4.0 * atan(1.0) = %10f8\n", 4.0*atan(1.0));
#else
        printf("I can't do MATH!\n");
#endif
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:39+0000

src/config.h.in (v=1.7): 

 $ cat debhello-1.7/src/config.h.in
/* name of the package author */
#define PACKAGE_AUTHOR "@PACKAGE_AUTHOR@"
/* math library support */
#cmakedefine WITH_MATH

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:39+0000

CMakeLists.txt (v=1.7): 

 $ cat debhello-1.7/CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(debhello)
set(PACKAGE_AUTHOR "Osamu Aoki")
add_subdirectory(src)
add_subdirectory(man)
 $ cat debhello-1.7/man/CMakeLists.txt
install(
  FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/hello.1
  DESTINATION share/man/man1
)
 $ cat debhello-1.7/src/CMakeLists.txt
# Always define HAVE_CONFIG_H
add_definitions(-DHAVE_CONFIG_H)
# Interactively define WITH_MATH
option(WITH_MATH "Build with math support" OFF)
#variable_watch(WITH_MATH)
# Generate config.h from config.h.in
configure_file(
  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
)
include_directories("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")
add_executable(hello hello.c)
install(TARGETS hello
  RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
)

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:39+0000

Let’s package this with the debmake command.

 $ cd debhello-1.7
 $ debmake
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="1.7", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-1.7". ***
I: provide debhello_1.7.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-1.7.tar.gz debhello_1.7.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-1.7"
I: parse binary package settings:
I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign
...

The result is similar to 第 8.8 节 “Makefile.in + configure (single-binary)” but not exactly the same.

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

debian/rules (template file, v=1.7): 

 $ cat debhello-1.7/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1
#export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
#export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
#export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

#override_dh_auto_configure:
#       dh_auto_configure -- \
#             -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_ARCHITECTURE="$(DEB_TARGET_MULTIARCH)"

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:40+0000

debian/control (template file, v=1.7): 

 $ cat debhello-1.7/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: unknown
Priority: extra
Maintainer: "Firstname Lastname" <email.address@example.org>
Build-Depends: cmake, debhelper (>=9)
Standards-Version: 3.9.8
Homepage: <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>

Package: debhello
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends}
Description: auto-generated package by debmake
 This Debian binary package was auto-generated by the
 debmake(1) command provided by the debmake package.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:40+0000

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=1.7): 

 $ vim debhello-1.7/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.7/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

override_dh_auto_configure:
        dh_auto_configure -- -DWITH-MATH=1

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:40+0000

debian/control (maintainer version, v=1.7): 

 $ vim debhello-1.7/debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-1.7/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: extra
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: cmake, debhelper (>=9)
Standards-Version: 3.9.6
Homepage: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/debmake-doc.git/

Package: debhello
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends}
Description: example package in the debmake-doc package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:40+0000

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 8.8 节 “Makefile.in + configure (single-binary)”.

Here is an example of creating a set of Debian binary packages including the executable package, the shared library package, the development file package, and the debug symbol package from a simple C source using the Autotools = Autoconf and Automake (Makefile.am and configure.ac) as its build system. See 第 5.16.1 节 “Autotools”.

Let’s package this in the same way as 第 8.9 节 “Autotools (single-binary)”.

Let’s assume this upstream tarball to be debhello-2.0.tar.gz.

This type of source is meant to be installed as a non-system file, for example, as:

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-2.0.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-2.0
 $ autoreconf -ivf # optional
 $ ./configure --with-math
 $ make
 $ make install

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-2.0.tar.gz. 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-2.0.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-2.0.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-2.0
│   ├── Makefile.am
│   ├── configure.ac
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── lib
│   │   ├── Makefile.am
│   │   ├── sharedlib.c
│   │   └── sharedlib.h
│   ├── man
│   │   ├── Makefile.am
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── src
│       ├── Makefile.am
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-2.0.tar.gz

5 directories, 12 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:49+0000

Here, the contents of this source are as follows.

src/hello.c (v=2.0): 

 $ cat debhello-2.0/src/hello.c
#include "config.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sharedlib.h>
int
main()
{
        printf("Hello, I am " PACKAGE_AUTHOR "!\n");
        sharedlib();
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:49+0000

lib/sharedlib.h and lib/sharedlib.c (v=1.6): 

 $ cat debhello-2.0/lib/sharedlib.h
int sharedlib();
 $ cat debhello-2.0/lib/sharedlib.c
#include <stdio.h>
int
sharedlib()
{
        printf("This is a shared library!\n");
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:49+0000

Makefile.am (v=2.0): 

 $ cat debhello-2.0/Makefile.am
# recursively process `Makefile.am` in SUBDIRS
SUBDIRS = lib src man
 $ cat debhello-2.0/man/Makefile.am
# manpages (distributed in the source package)
dist_man_MANS = hello.1
 $ cat debhello-2.0/lib/Makefile.am
# libtool librares to be produced
lib_LTLIBRARIES = libsharedlib.la

# source files used for lib_LTLIBRARIES
libsharedlib_la_SOURCES = sharedlib.c

# C pre-processor flags used for lib_LTLIBRARIES
#libsharedlib_la_CPPFLAGS =

# Headers files to be installed in <prefix>/include
include_HEADERS = sharedlib.h

# Versioning Libtool Libraries with version triplets
libsharedlib_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info 1:0:0
 $ cat debhello-2.0/src/Makefile.am
# program executables to be produced
bin_PROGRAMS = hello

# source files used for bin_PROGRAMS
hello_SOURCES = hello.c

# C pre-processor flags used for bin_PROGRAMS
AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir)/lib

# Extra options for the linker for hello
# hello_LDFLAGS =

# Libraries the `hello` binary to be linked
hello_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/lib/libsharedlib.la


Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:49+0000

configure.ac (v=2.0): 

 $ cat debhello-2.0/configure.ac
#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_PREREQ([2.69])
AC_INIT([debhello],[2.2],[foo@example.org])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/hello.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
echo "Standard customization chores"
AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign])

# Set default to --enable-shared --disable-static
LT_INIT([shared disable-static])

# find the libltdl sources in the libltdl sub-directory
LT_CONFIG_LTDL_DIR([libltdl])

# choose one
LTDL_INIT([recursive])
#LTDL_INIT([subproject])
#LTDL_INIT([nonrecursive])

# Add #define PACKAGE_AUTHOR ... in config.h with a comment
AC_DEFINE(PACKAGE_AUTHOR, ["Osamu Aoki"], [Define PACKAGE_AUTHOR])
# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# only for the recursive case
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
                 lib/Makefile
                 man/Makefile
                 src/Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:49+0000

Let’s package this with the debmake command into multiple packages:

Here, the -b',libsharedlib1,libsharedlib-dev,-dbg,libsharedlib1-dbg' option is used to specify the generated binary packages.

 $ cd debhello-2.0
 $ debmake -b',libsharedlib1,libsharedlib-dev,-dbg,libsharedlib1-dbg'
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="2.0", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-2.0". ***
I: provide debhello_2.0.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-2.0.tar.gz debhello_2.0.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-2.0"
I: parse binary package settings: ,libsharedlib1,libsharedlib-dev,-dbg,libsha...
I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign
I: binary package=libsharedlib1 Type=lib / Arch=any M-A=same
I: binary package=libsharedlib-dev Type=dev / Arch=any M-A=same
I: binary package=debhello-dbg Type=dbg / Arch=any M-A=same
I: binary package=libsharedlib1-dbg Type=dbg / Arch=any M-A=same
...

The result is similar to 第 8.8 节 “Makefile.in + configure (single-binary)” but with more template files.

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

debian/rules (template file, v=2.0): 

 $ cat debhello-2.0/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1
#export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
#export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
#export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@ --with autoreconf

#override_dh_install:
#       dh_install --list-missing -X.la -X.pyc -X.pyo

override_dh_strip:
        dh_strip -Xlibsharedlib1 --dbg-package=debhello-dbg
        dh_strip -Xdebhello --dbg-package=libsharedlib1-dbg

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:50+0000

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=2.0): 

 $ vim debhello-2.0/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.0/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@ --with autoreconf

override_dh_install:
        dh_install --list-missing -X.la

override_dh_strip:
        dh_strip -Xlibsharedlib1 --dbg-package=debhello-dbg
        dh_strip -Xdebhello --dbg-package=libsharedlib1-dbg


Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:50+0000

debian/control (maintainer version, v=2.0): 

 $ vim debhello-2.0/debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.0/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: extra
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>=9), dh-autoreconf
Standards-Version: 3.9.6
Homepage: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/debmake-doc.git/

Package: debhello
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= ${binary:Version}),
         ${misc:Depends},
         ${shlibs:Depends}
Description: example executable package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package provides the executable program.

Package: libsharedlib1
Section: libs
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends}
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends}
Description: example shared library package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package contains the shared library.

Package: libsharedlib-dev
Section: libdevel
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}
Description: example development package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package contains the development files.

Package: debhello-dbg
Section: debug
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Depends: debhello (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}
Description: example debugging package for debhello
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package contains the debugging symbols for debhello.

Package: libsharedlib1-dbg
Section: debug
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}
Description: example debugging package for libsharedlib1
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package contains the debugging symbols for libsharedlib1.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:50+0000

debian/*.install (maintainer version, v=2.0): 

 $ vim debhello-2.0/debian/debhello.install
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.0/debian/debhello.install
usr/bin/*
usr/share/man/*
 $ vim debhello-2.0/debian/libsharedlib1.install
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.0/debian/libsharedlib1.install
usr/lib/*/*.so.*
 $ vim debhello-2.0/debian/libsharedlib-dev.install
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.0/debian/libsharedlib-dev.install
###usr/lib/*/pkgconfig/*.pc
usr/include
usr/lib/*/*.so

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:50+0000

Since this upstream source creates the proper auto-generated Makefile, there are no needs to create debian/install and debian/manpages files.

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

Template files under debian/. (v=2.0): 

 $ tree debhello-2.0/debian
debhello-2.0/debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── compat
├── control
├── copyright
├── debhello.install
├── libsharedlib-dev.install
├── libsharedlib1.install
├── libsharedlib1.symbols
├── patches
│   └── series
├── rules
├── source
│   ├── format
│   └── local-options
└── watch

2 directories, 14 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:14:50+0000

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 8.8 节 “Makefile.in + configure (single-binary)”.

Here are the generated dependency lists of binary packages.

The generated dependency lists of binary packages (v=2.0): 

 $ dpkg -f debhello-dbg_2.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends confli...
Depends: debhello (= 2.0-1)
 $ dpkg -f debhello_2.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends conflicts ...
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= 2.0-1), libc6 (>= 2.2.5)
 $ dpkg -f libsharedlib-dev_2.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends co...
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= 2.0-1)
 $ dpkg -f libsharedlib1-dbg_2.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends c...
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= 2.0-1)
 $ dpkg -f libsharedlib1_2.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends confl...
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.2.5)

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:12+0000

Here is an example of creating a set of Debian binary packages including the executable package, the shared library package, the development file package, and the debug symbol package from a simple C source using the CMake (CMakeLists.txt and some files such as config.h.in) as its build system. See 第 5.16.2 节 “CMake”.

Let’s assume this upstream tarball to be debhello-2.1.tar.gz.

This type of source is meant to be installed as a non-system file, for example, as:

 $ tar -xzmf debhello-2.1.tar.gz
 $ cd debhello-2.1
 $ mkdir obj-x86_64-linux-gnu
 $ cd obj-x86_64-linux-gnu
 $ cmake ..
 $ make
 $ make install

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-2.1.tar.gz. 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-2.1.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-2.1.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-2.1
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── lib
│   │   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   │   ├── sharedlib.c
│   │   └── sharedlib.h
│   ├── man
│   │   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── src
│       ├── CMakeLists.txt
│       ├── config.h.in
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-2.1.tar.gz

5 directories, 12 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:41+0000

Here, the contents of this source are as follows.

src/hello.c (v=2.1): 

 $ cat debhello-2.1/src/hello.c
#include "config.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sharedlib.h>
int
main()
{
        printf("Hello, I am " PACKAGE_AUTHOR "!\n");
        sharedlib();
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:41+0000

src/config.h.in (v=2.1): 

 $ cat debhello-2.1/src/config.h.in
/* name of the package author */
#define PACKAGE_AUTHOR "@PACKAGE_AUTHOR@"

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:41+0000

lib/sharedlib.c and lib/sharedlib.h (v=2.1): 

 $ cat debhello-2.1/lib/sharedlib.h
int sharedlib();
 $ cat debhello-2.1/lib/sharedlib.c
#include <stdio.h>
int
sharedlib()
{
        printf("This is a shared library!\n");
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:41+0000

CMakeLists.txt (v=2.1): 

 $ cat debhello-2.1/CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(debhello)
set(PACKAGE_AUTHOR "Osamu Aoki")
add_subdirectory(lib)
add_subdirectory(src)
add_subdirectory(man)
 $ cat debhello-2.1/man/CMakeLists.txt
install(
  FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/hello.1
  DESTINATION share/man/man1
)
 $ cat debhello-2.1/src/CMakeLists.txt
# Always define HAVE_CONFIG_H
add_definitions(-DHAVE_CONFIG_H)
# Generate config.h from config.h.in
configure_file(
  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
  )
include_directories("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")
include_directories("${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/lib")

add_executable(hello hello.c)
target_link_libraries(hello sharedlib)
install(TARGETS hello
  RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
)

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:41+0000

Let’s package this with the debmake command.

 $ cd debhello-2.1
 $ debmake -b',libsharedlib1,libsharedlib-dev,-dbg,libsharedlib1-dbg'
I: set parameters
I: sanity check of parameters
I: pkg="debhello", ver="2.1", rev="1"
I: *** start packaging in "debhello-2.1". ***
I: provide debhello_2.1.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package
I: pwd = "/path/to"
I: $ ln -sf debhello-2.1.tar.gz debhello_2.1.orig.tar.gz
I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-2.1"
I: parse binary package settings: ,libsharedlib1,libsharedlib-dev,-dbg,libsha...
I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign
...

The result is similar to 第 8.8 节 “Makefile.in + configure (single-binary)” but not exactly the same.

Let’s inspect notable template files generated.

debian/rules (template file, v=2.1): 

 $ cat debhello-2.1/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1
#export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
#export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
#export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed

%:
        dh $@

#override_dh_auto_configure:
#       dh_auto_configure -- \
#             -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_ARCHITECTURE="$(DEB_TARGET_MULTIARCH)"

override_dh_strip:
        dh_strip -Xlibsharedlib1 --dbg-package=debhello-dbg
        dh_strip -Xdebhello --dbg-package=libsharedlib1-dbg

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:42+0000

Let’s make this Debian package better as the maintainer.

debian/rules (maintainer version, v=2.1): 

 $ vim debhello-2.1/debian/rules
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.1/debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND  = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed
DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH ?= $(shell dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)

%:
        dh $@

override_dh_auto_configure:
        dh_auto_configure -- \
              -DCMAKE_LIBRARY_ARCHITECTURE="$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)"

override_dh_install:
        dh_install --list-missing

override_dh_strip:
        dh_strip -Xlibsharedlib1 --dbg-package=debhello-dbg
        dh_strip -Xdebhello --dbg-package=libsharedlib1-dbg


Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:43+0000

debian/control (maintainer version, v=2.1): 

 $ vim debhello-2.1/debian/control
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.1/debian/control
Source: debhello
Section: devel
Priority: extra
Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Build-Depends: cmake, debhelper (>=9)
Standards-Version: 3.9.6
Homepage: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/debmake-doc.git/

Package: debhello
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: foreign
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= ${binary:Version}),
         ${misc:Depends},
         ${shlibs:Depends}
Description: example executable package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package provides the executable program.

Package: libsharedlib1
Section: libs
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Pre-Depends: ${misc:Pre-Depends}
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends}
Description: example shared library package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package contains the shared library.

Package: libsharedlib-dev
Section: libdevel
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}
Description: example development package
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package contains the development files.

Package: debhello-dbg
Section: debug
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Depends: debhello (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}
Description: example debugging package for debhello
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package contains the debugging symbols for debhello.

Package: libsharedlib1-dbg
Section: debug
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}
Description: example debugging package for libsharedlib1
 This is an example package to demonstrate the Debian packaging using
 the debmake command.
 .
 The generated Debian package uses the dh command offered by the
 debhelper package and the dpkg source format `3.0 (quilt)'.
 .
 This package contains the debugging symbols for libsharedlib1.

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:43+0000

debian/*.install (maintainer version, v=2.1): 

 $ vim debhello-2.1/debian/debhello.install
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.1/debian/debhello.install
usr/bin/*
usr/share/man/*
 $ vim debhello-2.1/debian/libsharedlib1.install
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.1/debian/libsharedlib1.install
usr/lib/*/*.so.*
 $ vim debhello-2.1/debian/libsharedlib-dev.install
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.1/debian/libsharedlib-dev.install
###usr/lib/*/pkgconfig/*.pc
usr/include
usr/lib/*/*.so

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:43+0000

This upstream CMakeList.txt needs to be patched to cope with the multiarch path.

debian/patches/* (maintainer version, v=2.1): 

 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat debhello-2.1/debian/libsharedlib1.symbols
libsharedlib.so.1 libsharedlib1 #MINVER#
 sharedlib@Base 2.1

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:43+0000

Since this upstream source creates the proper auto-generated Makefile, there are no needs to create debian/install and debian/manpages files.

在 debian/ 目录下还有一些其它的模板文件。它们也需要进行更新。

Template files under debian/. (v=2.1): 

 $ tree debhello-2.1/debian
debhello-2.1/debian
├── README.Debian
├── changelog
├── compat
├── control
├── copyright
├── debhello.install
├── libsharedlib-dev.install
├── libsharedlib1.install
├── libsharedlib1.symbols
├── patches
│   ├── 000-cmake-multiarch.patch
│   └── series
├── rules
├── source
│   ├── format
│   └── local-options
└── watch

2 directories, 15 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:43+0000

The rest of the packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 8.8 节 “Makefile.in + configure (single-binary)”.

Here are the generated dependency lists of binary packages.

The generated dependency lists of binary packages (v=2.1): 

 $ dpkg -f debhello-dbg_2.1-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends confli...
Depends: debhello (= 2.1-1)
 $ dpkg -f debhello_2.1-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends conflicts ...
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= 2.1-1), libc6 (>= 2.2.5)
 $ dpkg -f libsharedlib-dev_2.1-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends co...
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= 2.1-1)
 $ dpkg -f libsharedlib1-dbg_2.1-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends c...
Depends: libsharedlib1 (= 2.1-1)
 $ dpkg -f libsharedlib1_2.1-1_amd64.deb pre-depends depends recommends confl...
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.2.5)

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:55+0000

Here is an example of updating the simple upstream C source debhello-2.0.tar.gz presented in 第 8.11 节 “Autotools (multi-binary)” for the internationalization (i18n) and creating the updated upstream C source debhello-2.0.tar.gz.

In the real situation, the package should be already internationalized. So this example is educational for you to understand how this internationalization is implemented.

	提示
	The routine maintainer activity for the i18n is simply to add translation po files reported to you via BTS system to the po/ directory and to update the language list in the po/LINGUAS.

Let’s get the source and make the Debian package.

Download debhello-2.0.tar.gz (i18n). 

 $ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-2.0.tar.gz
 ...
 $ tar -xzmf debhello-2.0.tar.gz
 $ tree
.
├── debhello-2.0
│   ├── Makefile.am
│   ├── configure.ac
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── hello.desktop
│   │   └── hello.png
│   ├── lib
│   │   ├── Makefile.am
│   │   ├── sharedlib.c
│   │   └── sharedlib.h
│   ├── man
│   │   ├── Makefile.am
│   │   └── hello.1
│   └── src
│       ├── Makefile.am
│       └── hello.c
└── debhello-2.0.tar.gz

5 directories, 12 files

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:12+0000

Internationalize this source tree with the gettextize command and remove files auto-generated by the Autotools.

run gettextize (i18n): 

 $ cd debhello-2.0
 $ gettextize
Creating po/ subdirectory
Creating build-aux/ subdirectory
Copying file ABOUT-NLS
Copying file build-aux/config.rpath
Not copying intl/ directory.
Copying file po/Makefile.in.in
Copying file po/Makevars.template
Copying file po/Rules-quot
Copying file po/boldquot.sed
Copying file po/en@boldquot.header
Copying file po/en@quot.header
Copying file po/insert-header.sin
Copying file po/quot.sed
Copying file po/remove-potcdate.sin
Creating initial po/POTFILES.in
Creating po/ChangeLog
Creating directory m4
Copying file m4/gettext.m4
Copying file m4/iconv.m4
Copying file m4/lib-ld.m4
Copying file m4/lib-link.m4
Copying file m4/lib-prefix.m4
Copying file m4/nls.m4
Copying file m4/po.m4
Copying file m4/progtest.m4
Creating m4/ChangeLog
Updating Makefile.am (backup is in Makefile.am~)
Updating configure.ac (backup is in configure.ac~)
Creating ChangeLog

Please use AM_GNU_GETTEXT([external]) in order to cause autoconfiguration
to look for an external libintl.

Please create po/Makevars from the template in po/Makevars.template.
You can then remove po/Makevars.template.

Please fill po/POTFILES.in as described in the documentation.

Please run 'aclocal' to regenerate the aclocal.m4 file.
You need aclocal from GNU automake 1.9 (or newer) to do this.
Then run 'autoconf' to regenerate the configure file.

You will also need config.guess and config.sub, which you can get from the CV...
of the 'config' project at http://savannah.gnu.org/. The commands to fetch th...
are
$ wget 'http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/*checkout*/config/config/conf...
$ wget 'http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/*checkout*/config/config/conf...

You might also want to copy the convenience header file gettext.h
from the /usr/share/gettext directory into your package.
It is a wrapper around <libintl.h> that implements the configure --disable-nl...
option.

Press Return to acknowledge the previous 6 paragraphs.
 $ rm -rf m4 build-aux *~

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

Let’s check generated files under the po/ directory.

files in po (i18n): 

 $ ls -l po
/build/debmake-doc-3w649s/debmake-doc-1.9/debhello-2.0-pkg2/step151.cmd: 2: /...
total 60
-rw-rw-r-- 1 buildd buildd   494 Oct 26 18:56 ChangeLog
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd 17577 Oct 26 18:56 Makefile.in.in
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd  3376 Oct 26 18:56 Makevars.template
-rw-rw-r-- 1 buildd buildd    59 Oct 26 18:56 POTFILES.in
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd  2203 Oct 26 18:56 Rules-quot
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd   217 Oct 26 18:56 boldquot.sed
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd  1337 Oct 26 18:56 en@boldquot.header
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd  1203 Oct 26 18:56 en@quot.header
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd   672 Oct 26 18:56 insert-header.sin
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd   153 Oct 26 18:56 quot.sed
-rw-r--r-- 1 buildd buildd   432 Oct 26 18:56 remove-potcdate.sin

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

Let’s update the configure.ac by adding “AM_GNU_GETTEXT([external])”, etc..

configure.ac (i18n): 

 $ vim configure.ac
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat configure.ac
#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_PREREQ([2.69])
AC_INIT([debhello],[2.2],[foo@example.org])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/hello.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
echo "Standard customization chores"
AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign])

# Set default to --enable-shared --disable-static
LT_INIT([shared disable-static])

# find the libltdl sources in the libltdl sub-directory
LT_CONFIG_LTDL_DIR([libltdl])

# choose one
LTDL_INIT([recursive])
#LTDL_INIT([subproject])
#LTDL_INIT([nonrecursive])

# Add #define PACKAGE_AUTHOR ... in config.h with a comment
AC_DEFINE(PACKAGE_AUTHOR, ["Osamu Aoki"], [Define PACKAGE_AUTHOR])
# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# desktop file support required
AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION([0.19.3])
AM_GNU_GETTEXT([external])

# only for the recursive case
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
                 po/Makefile.in
                 lib/Makefile
                 man/Makefile
                 src/Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

Let’s create the po/Makevars from the po/Makevars.template.

po/Makevars (i18n): 

 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ diff -u po/Makevars.template po/Makevars
--- po/Makevars.template        2017-11-03 19:15:13.598276080 +0000
+++ po/Makevars 2017-11-03 19:15:15.178261877 +0000
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@
 # or entity, or to disclaim their copyright.  The empty string stands for
 # the public domain; in this case the translators are expected to disclaim
 # their copyright.
-COPYRIGHT_HOLDER = Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+COPYRIGHT_HOLDER = Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>

 # This tells whether or not to prepend "GNU " prefix to the package
 # name that gets inserted into the header of the $(DOMAIN).pot file.
 # Possible values are "yes", "no", or empty.  If it is empty, try to
 # detect it automatically by scanning the files in $(top_srcdir) for
 # "GNU packagename" string.
-PACKAGE_GNU =
+PACKAGE_GNU = no

 # This is the email address or URL to which the translators shall report
 # bugs in the untranslated strings:
 $ rm po/Makevars.template

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

Let’s update C sources for the i18n by wrapping strings with _(…).

src/hello.c (i18n): 

 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat src/hello.c
#include "config.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sharedlib.h>
#define _(string) gettext (string)
int
main()
{
        printf(_("Hello, I am " PACKAGE_AUTHOR "!\n"));
        sharedlib();
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

lib/sharedlib.c (i18n): 

 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat lib/sharedlib.c
#include <stdio.h>
#define _(string) gettext (string)
int
sharedlib()
{
        printf(_("This is a shared library!\n"));
        return 0;
}

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

The new gettext (v=0.19) can handle the i18n of the desktop file directly.

data/hello.desktop.in (i18n): 

 $ fgrep -v '[ja]=' data/hello.desktop > data/hello.desktop.in
 $ rm data/hello.desktop
 $ cat data/hello.desktop.in
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Hello
Comment=Greetings
Type=Application
Keywords=hello
Exec=hello
Terminal=true
Icon=hello.png
Categories=Utility;

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

Let’s list the input files to extract translatable strings in po/POTFILES.in.

po/POTFILES.in (i18n): 

 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat po/POTFILES.in
src/hello.c
lib/sharedlib.c
data/hello.desktop.in

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

Here is the updated root Makefile.am with po added to the SUBDIRS.

Makefile.am (i18n): 

 $ cat Makefile.am
# recursively process `Makefile.am` in SUBDIRS
SUBDIRS = po lib src man

ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4

EXTRA_DIST = build-aux/config.rpath m4/ChangeLog

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

Let’s make a translation template file debhello.pot.

po/debhello.pot (i18n): 

 $ xgettext -f po/POTFILES.in -d debhello -o po/debhello.pot -k_
 $ cat po/debhello.pot
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-11-03 19:15+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#: src/hello.c:8
#, c-format
msgid "Hello, I am "
msgstr ""

#: lib/sharedlib.c:6
#, c-format
msgid "This is a shared library!\n"
msgstr ""

#: data/hello.desktop.in:3
msgid "Hello"
msgstr ""

#: data/hello.desktop.in:4
msgid "Greetings"
msgstr ""

#: data/hello.desktop.in:6
msgid "hello"
msgstr ""

#: data/hello.desktop.in:9
msgid "hello.png"
msgstr ""

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

Let’s add Japanese translation.

po/LINGUAS and po/fr.po (i18n): 

 $ echo 'fr' > po/LINGUAS
 $ cp po/debhello.pot po/fr.po
 $ vim po/fr.po
 ... hack, hack, hack, ...
 $ cat po/fr.po
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# This file is put in the public domain.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: debhello 2.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: foo@example.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-01 20:22+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-02-21 23:18+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>\n"
"Language-Team: French <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: ja\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#: src/hello.c:34
#, c-format
msgid "Hello, I am %s!\n"
msgstr "Bonjour, je suis %s!\n"

#: lib/sharedlib.c:29
#, c-format
msgid "This is a shared library!\n"
msgstr "Ceci est une bibliothèque partagée!\n"

#: data/hello.desktop.in:3
msgid "Hello"
msgstr ""

#: data/hello.desktop.in:4
msgid "Greetings"
msgstr "Salutations"

#: data/hello.desktop.in:6
msgid "hello"
msgstr ""

#: data/hello.desktop.in:9
msgid "hello.png"
msgstr ""

Script done on 2017-11-03 19:15:15+0000

The packaging activities are practically the same as the one in 第 8.11 节 “Autotools (multi-binary)”.

You can find more i18n examples in 第 8.14 节 “Details” for